I clean my bike usually after every ride or two, simply because I'm so anal! (don't go there)
Seriously though I do this for a few reasons, mainly as every time I find another bit that needs a clean and always a good visual inspection of anything odd.
Usually clean the wheels firstly with WD on a rag (don't spray onto the wheels) then maybe some autoglym show shine aerosol.
Bodywork/carbon wash firstly, dry and then polish with meguirs (sp) high gloss polish, maybe a quick clean with the show shine if I'm in a hurry, good on screens that.
Engine/mechanicals clean with gunk and hose off, small parts scrubbed with brush etc
Exhaust I usually rub the pipes (not the end can) down with very fine grade wet and dry to remove build up and clean can etc with autosol/autoglym metal polish.
Calipers usually removed, and soak in water before getting the wonder wheels on there for a split second.
Clean discs with brake cleaner etc
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